{"id":802,"date":"2026-05-30T14:49:30","date_gmt":"2026-05-30T06:49:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/139.199.182.234\/?p=802"},"modified":"2026-05-30T14:49:30","modified_gmt":"2026-05-30T06:49:30","slug":"wuluzuranjixuanzezhinan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dghtj.com\/us\/wuluzuranjixuanzezhinan\/","title":{"rendered":"What are the halogen-free flame retardants? How to choose?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u65e0\u5364\u963b\u71c3\u5242\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f\u600e\u4e48\u9009\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Halogen-free flame retardants are mainly divided into five categories: inorganic hydroxides, phosphorus-based, nitrogen-based, intumescent (phosphorus-nitrogen combination), and silicon-based; there are also a few auxiliary types such as boron-based, metal salts, and bio-based.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Inorganic hydroxides (most common, low cost)<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u2013 Aluminum hydroxide ATH: decomposition \u2248200\u00b0C, addition 30%\u201360%; low smoke, non-toxic, used for PP\/PE\/EVA, wire and cable, home appliances.<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u2013 Magnesium hydroxide MDH: decomposition \u2248340\u00b0C, addition 25%\u201350%; higher heat resistance, suitable for PP, ABS, engineering plastics; not suitable for PET\/PBT (catalytic hydrolysis).<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u2013 Zinc borate: often compounded with ATH\/MDH, smoke suppression, anti-drip, used for PVC, nylon, epoxy.<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u2013 Antimony oxide: auxiliary flame retardant, compounded with phosphorus\/nitrogen, used for engineering plastics, coatings.<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>2. Phosphorus-based (efficient, low smoke, mainstream for electronics\/engineering plastics)<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u2013 Ammonium polyphosphate APP: core of intumescent type, addition 15%\u201330%; charring + gas release, used for PP, PE, coatings, wood.<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u2013 Red phosphorus RP: efficient (addition 5%\u201315%), strong flame retardancy; requires microencapsulation to prevent moisture absorption, used for nylon, PBT, epoxy.<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u2013 Organic phosphate esters: such as TPP, RDP, BDP; transparent, low toxicity, used for PC\/ABS, PVC, epoxy resin.<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u2013 Phosphinates: such as AlPi, ZnPi; good thermal stability (>300\u00b0C), efficient with low addition, used for PA, PBT, TPU.<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u2013 DOPO and its derivatives: reactive type, phosphorus-containing epoxy\/resin, used for PCB, copper-clad laminate, electronic potting.<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>3. Nitrogen-based (low smoke, high thermal stability, preferred for nylon)<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u2013 Melamine cyanurate MCA: Decomposition \u2248350\u00b0C, low smoke, no dripping; used for PA6\/66, PP, EVA.<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u2013 Melamine polyphosphate MPP: Phosphorus-nitrogen compound, high thermal stability, used for high-temperature nylon, epoxy.<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u2013 Melamine phosphate MP: Intumescent component, compounded with APP.<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>4. Intumescent flame retardant IFR (phosphorus-nitrogen compound, no dripping, low smoke)<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u2013 Typical formula: APP (acid source) + pentaerythritol (carbon source) + melamine (gas source).<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u2013 Features: Foaming upon heating to form char layer, heat and oxygen insulation; used for PP, PE, ABS, coatings, wood.<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>5. Silicon-based (new type, low smoke, anti-dripping, high-end applications)<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u2013 Polysiloxane\/silicone resin: e.g., PDMS, MQ resin; add 5%\u201315%, improves processing and toughness; used for PP, PE, epoxy.<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u2013 Silicone rubber micro powder: anti-dripping, smoke suppression; used for engineering plastics, wires and cables.<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>6. Other auxiliary halogen-free flame retardants<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u2013 Boron-based: borax, boric acid, metaborate; smoke suppression, char formation; used for wood, coatings, PVC.<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u2013 Metal salts: ammonium molybdate, stannates; mainly smoke suppression, used in combination.<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u2013 Bio-based: starch, cellulose, lignin; environmentally friendly and low cost; used for PP, PE, composites.<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u2014<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>Selection quick reference (key differences)<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u2013 Cost: ATH\/MDH < APP < MCA < Phosphinate < Silicon-based<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u2013 Flame retardant efficiency: Phosphinate > Red phosphorus > IFR > MCA > ATH\/MDH<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u2013 Thermal stability: Silicon-based > MDH > MCA > APP > ATH<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u2013 Smoke density: Nitrogen-based \u2248 Silicon-based < Phosphorus-based < ATH\/MDH<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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