red phosphorus flame retardant<\/a>are heated or burned, the red phosphorus first reacts with oxygen in the air, generating phosphorus oxides, phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, and other substances. These phosphoric acid compounds have strong dehydrating properties, which can promote dehydration and carbonization of the polymer surface, forming a dense carbonized layer on the material's surface. This char layer acts like a \u201cfire barrier,\u201d both isolating the polymer from the fire source, reducing the release of flammable volatile components, and blocking oxygen to prevent further spread of combustion. Meanwhile, viscous melts such as polyphosphoric acid cover the char layer surface, forming a glassy protective film that further reduces the char layer's gas permeability and protects it from continued oxidation. During the formation of phosphoric acid, a large amount of heat is also absorbed, lowering the material's surface temperature.<\/p>\n2. Gas-phase flame retardancy: capturing combustion free radicals<\/p>\n
In the gas phase, the pyrolysis products of red phosphorus generate PO\u00b7 free radicals. In the combustion flame, there are large numbers of highly active H\u00b7 and HO\u00b7 free radicals, which are the \u201cfuel\u201d that sustains the chain reaction of combustion. When PO\u00b7 free radicals enter the gas phase, they can efficiently capture these active free radicals, combining with them to form stable substances such as HPO. This process cuts off the oxidative chain reaction of the flame, making combustion unable to continue, thereby achieving self-extinguishing.<\/p>\n
3. Microencapsulation: letting red phosphorus \u201cplay to its strengths and avoid weaknesses\u201d<\/p>\n
Although red phosphorus has extremely high flame retardant efficiency, ordinary red phosphorus has obvious defects in practical applications: it is highly prone to moisture absorption and oxidation, generating acidic substances on the surface and releasing highly toxic phosphine (PH\u2083) gas; it has poor compatibility with most plastic matrices, is prone to segregation and settling, affecting material properties; and its ignition point is only 240~250\u00b0C, posing safety hazards.<\/p>\n
Dongguan Hongtaiji Flame Retardant Materials Co., Ltd. adopts an international multi-layer microencapsulation coating process, producing microencapsulated red phosphorus flame retardant through inorganic-organic multi-layer continuous coating, effectively reducing the reactivity of red phosphorus, solving the compatibility problem, and maintaining a high content of effective flame retardant components. Its product has an effective red phosphorus content of \u226580%, an ignition point raised to above 300\u00b0C, phosphine release below 1PPM, and moisture absorption as low as \u22641.2%. Hongtaiji also produces red phosphorus masterbatch\u2014dark red particles made by combining microencapsulated red phosphorus with inorganic flame retardants, using matrix resin as the carrier\u2014featuring low addition levels, high flame retardant efficiency, no dust pollution, and no mold corrosion.<\/p>\n
Leveraging the comprehensive advantages of low addition levels, high flame retardant efficiency, and low smoke and low toxicity, Hongtaiji microencapsulated red phosphorus and red phosphorus masterbatch are widely used in the flame retardant modification of thermoplastic resins such as PA (nylon), PE, PET, PBT, and EVA, as well as thermosetting resins such as epoxy resin and unsaturated polyester, and rubber products.<\/p>\n
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